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ДЗИ по английски език


МИНИСТЕРСТВО НА ОБРАЗОВАНИЕТО И НАУКАТА

ДЪРЖАВЕН ЗРЕЛОСТЕН ИЗПИТ ПО АНГЛИЙСКИ ЕЗИК

23 май 2019 г. ВАРИАНТ 1


12и клас - Английски език - Външно оценяване
Read the text below. Then read the questions that follow it and choose the best answer to each question correspondingly among A, B or C

Tsunami – The Catastrophic Ocean Wave

As natural disasters go, tsunamis are among the worst in terms of overall destruction and loss of life. They rival earthquakes in their ability to suddenly devastate a wide area. In recent years massive tsunamis have caused extensive damage in northern Sumatra and Thailand, parts of Japan, and parts of Chile. So what are tsunamis, and what causes them? A tsunami is a catastrophic ocean wave that is usually caused by a submarine earthquake, an underwater or coastal landslide, or the eruption of a volcano. Tsunamis can also result from the impact of a meteor or comet on a body of water. The word tsunami in Japanese means “harbor wave.”
Much like when a rock plunges into a still pond, once a tsunami-generating disturbance in the water occurs, a train of outward-propagating waves comes from the disturbance’s central point. These waves can travel as fast as 800 km per hour, with wavelengths that extend from 100 to 200 km. However, in the open ocean, amplitudes (heights) of the waves are very small, only about 30 to 60 cm high, and the period of the waves (that is, the length from one wave crest or trough to the next) can last from five minutes to more than an hour. As a result, people on ships far from shore barely perceive the passage of the tsunami underneath them. As the tsunami approaches the coast of an island or a continent, friction with the rising sea bottom slows the waves, and wavelengths become shortened while wave amplitudes increase. In essence, fast-moving water from further out to sea stacks itself on the slowermoving water near the shore. Just before the tsunami reaches the shore, the water is drawn back by the sudden change in wave activity, effectively pulling the tide out far from where it normally meets the beach. When the tsunami reaches the shore, it can push far inland (limited only by the height of the wave). Waters may rise as high as 30 meters above normal sea level within 10 to 15 minutes and flood low-lying areas.



1. Causing widespread destruction and heavy casualties, tsunamis are as devastating as earthquakes.




2. Most tsunamis result from undersea disturbances caused by earthquakes, landslides and volcanoes




3. Tsunamis race across the open ocean as fast as a jet airplane.




4. Before the 30-m high waves crash ashore, seawater retreats from the beach.




5. People far out in the sea can distinctly perceive only the crest of the tsunami.




Read the text below. Then read the questions that follow it and choose the best answer to each question correspondingly among A, B or C

The Resilience of Aerosol Art

Talking about 5Pointz is still emotional for Jonathan Cohen, better known by his tag name, Meres One. Nearly five years have passed since his distinctive graffiti, and the work of dozens of his fellow artists, were whitewashed from a massive warehouse in Queens under the cover of night on Nov. 19, 2013.
With the owner’s permission, artists from around the world had painted on the five-story, blocklong building in Long Island City for more than 12 years, transforming it into a destination stop and de facto graffiti museum with 200,000 square feet of artwork. As the owner, Jerry Wolkoff, was preparing to build high rises on the property, he hired a crew that painted over the murals, then left the building sitting for months until it was knocked down in 2014.
The removal of the artwork was quickly challenged in court. In February, 21 5Pointz artists won a key victory – and a $6.7 million award – but the case remains under appeal. “I did a lot of walking around – soul searching, admired the townhouses, the churches, the stained glass,” Mr. Cohen said of his new Brooklyn neighborhood. At some point, inspiration struck. In fact, it is a stained-glass inspired piece crafted by Mr. Cohen that is the first work visitors see when walking into a Manhattan hotel that houses a new museum that simultaneously pays homage to the creative soul of 5Pointz and to the history of Lower Manhattan.
Marie Flageul, the curator of the new Museum of Street Art, or MOSA, was a key figure in 5Pointz, serving as its spokeswoman and, often, its public face. The museum, which fills the stairwell of a new hotel, will showcase 20 artists, all of whom painted at 5Pointz.
One piece features Ms. Flageul and Mr. Cohen on a rooftop at 5Pointz. “It’s kind of like symbolizing us being a little happy again,” Ms. Flageul said. “Because now we have a home here and we’re able to, you know, come back and share a passion for aerosol art.”
The permanent installation, which will open Thursday for a celebration party and to other visitors in October, was funded by the hotel. MOSA will be open seven days a week for free, self-guided tours, enhanced by audio explanations accessible via the hotel’s Wi-Fi. The first 500 visitors can also sign up for a guided tour with Ms. Flageul.
“Fans that love 5Pointz are going to flock here to see this,” Mr. Cohen said. “It’s going to be a reunion for artists. It is a little taste of what was lost. So I’m pretty excited. And it’s also, you know, moving forward, moving to the next chapter.”

6. 5pointz was initiated by Jonathan Cohen, known to the public as Meres One.




7. The owner of the warehouse had the graffiti of more than 20 artists destroyed because he had other development plans for the site of the building.




8. The artists won their case against the owner of the building and received fair compensation for their destroyed works.




9. After a period of emotional confusion, Jonathan Cohen created a stained-glass piece for the new Museum of Street Art in New York.




10. The new home of aerosol art in Manhattan was sponsored by the former 5pointz artists.




Read the text below. Then read the questions that follow it and choose the best answer to each question correspondingly among A, B, C or D

Skin
(adapted from Roald Dahl)

The old man, who was called Drioli was standing in a sort of trance, staring at the painting in the window of the picture-dealer’s shop. It had been so long ago, all that – almost as though it had happened in another life, his happy younger life before all the losses. And the boy? What had become of him? He could remember now that after returning home from the war – the first war – he had missed him and had questioned Josie.
“Where’s my little friend?”
“He’s gone,” she had answered. “I do not know where but I heard it said that a dealer had taken him up and sent him away to make more paintings.”
That was the last time they had mentioned him. Shortly afterwards they had moved to Le Havre where there were more sailors and business was better. The old man smiled as he remembered Le Havre. Those were the pleasant years, the years between the wars, with the small shop near the docks and the comfortable rooms and Josie by his side and always enough work, with every day three, four, five sailors coming and wanting ink pictures on their arms. Those were truly the pleasant years.
Then had come the second war, and Josie being killed, and the Germans arriving, and that was the finish of his business. No one had wanted pictures on their arms any more after that. And by that time he was too old for any other kind of work. In desperation he had made his way back to Paris, hoping vaguely that things would be easier in the big city. But they were not.
And now, after the war was over, he possessed neither the means nor the energy to start up his small business again. It wasn’t very easy for an old widowed man to know what to do, especially when one did not like to beg. Yet how else could he keep alive?
Well, he thought, still staring at the picture. So that is my little friend of those days. And how quickly the sight of one small object such as this can stir the memory. Up to a few moments ago he had even forgotten that he had a tattoo on his back. It had been ages since he had thought about it. He put his face closer to the window and looked into the gallery. On the walls he could see many other pictures and all seemed to be the work of the same artist. There were a great number of people strolling around. Obviously it was a special exhibition.
On a sudden impulse, Drioli turned, pushed open the door of the gallery, and went in.

11. What period of time do Drioli’s memories cover?





12. What was Drioli’s occupation according to the text?





13. What was the “little friend’s” occupation according to the text?





14. Josie was probably Drioli’s





15. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE according to the text?





Read the text below and for each numbered gap choose A, B, C or D.

The Environment and Mass Tourism

Mass tourism is a modern phenomenon brought (16) _____ by developments in transport technology and (17) _____ standards of living. From only 10 million tourists worldwide in 1950, it is (18) _____ that by 2020 the figure will have reached one billion. Today millions of people travel the world to experience natural and man-made wonders. This interest in natural and cultural (19) _____ is important for the economy, since tourism generates income from direct spending and supports jobs in a variety of industries. But not everything in the garden is (20) _____. If uncontrolled, tourism can cause (21) _____ physical and social damage, not only to tourist destinations but to the local communities living there.
Many tourists are (22) _____ to travel to places known for their natural beauty, for example, yet some of the most beautiful holiday destinations have (23) _____ environments and local communities that are coming under increasing pressure from the growth of tourism. This can range from a fish-and-chip wrapping thrown away in the street to a caravan (24) _____ near a bird sanctuary. Fortunately, the (25) _____ which our travel has on the natural environment is now being recognised. The travel industry has begun to offer (26) _____ which allow tourists to make a positive contribution to conservation and to the further better development of the local communities while minimising the negative effects that tourism can have. This is known as ‘(27) _____ tourism’ or ‘eco-tourism’. For example, local people may become (28) _____ involved in tourism projects and tour operators can be encouraged to put revenue back into local development.
The European Union too funds programmes in the field of rural development which encourage young people to (29) _____ some of their holidays to activities that directly (30) _____ rural areas. By doing so, they have the chance not only to improve their knowledge and skills but also to meet new people and discover new places, while at the same time they can really make a difference to preserving the countryside!

16. (16)





17. (17)





18. (18)





19. (19)





20. (20)





21. (21)





22. (22)







23. (23)







24. (24)







25. (25)





26. (26)





27. (27)





28. (28)





29. (29)





30. (30)





31. We regret _____ you that the position you have applied for is no longer available.





32. The College Board tried to persuade the coach _____ after the date he was due to retire.





33. We can stay at _____, they’ll be glad to have company for a couple of days.





34. And _____ he meant by ‘a date’ was watching video while eating popcorn and sandwiches.





35. When I arrived home, I _____ to tell my mother that we’d hitchhiked on our way back.





On a sheet of paper, complete the second sentence so that it is as close as possible in meaning to the first one.

Children cannot be made to learn unless they want to.
It is impossible _____________________________ if ____________________________.

Both my husband and I should sign the contract.
My husband _________________________________ and _______________________ I.

“And why would anyone want to visit a house where somebody was killed?” the old lady wondered.
The old lady wondered _____________________________________________________.

I haven’t watched a good film for ages.
It’s ___________________ since ____________________________________________.

According to the police, it’s impossible that the prisoner escaped without help from the outside.
The police ___________ that the prisoner (use a modal verb) ______________________.

Jennifer should start studying for the final exam, which is due in a month’s time.
It’s high time______________________, which is due in a month’s time.

You cannot use the swimming pool without a swim cap.
Unless you_________________________________________________ the swimming pool.

Do you sometimes regret you didn’t pursue your career in sports?
Do you sometimes wish ___________________________________________ in sports?

Getting older, you think more and more about your comfort.
The younger ____________________________________________________your comfort.

This aircraft model is so easy that a five-year-old child will have no problem building it.
This aircraft model is easy _____________________________________________.


On a separate sheet of paper write a text in standard English of about 160 – 170 words on ONE of the topics below.

1. Veganism – a catastrophe or a salvation?
Imagine that most of the human population turned to veganism. How would the disappearance of a top predator from the food chain affect the overall balance of nature on our planet? Will the consequences be positive or negative?

2. Write a short story or describe a situation, ending with: “I still can’t believe my luck!”



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